...

It's easy to confuse tree testing with navigation testing; both are dealing with how users move through a site by clicking on headings and menus.

But there's an important difference: tree testing evaluates the effectiveness of grouping and labelling, but without any spatial design or interaction design - just a plain drill-down textual tree.

Navigation testing is different, however, in that it presents actual dynamic menus to users, which may be more or less realistic depending on how your website's navigation works, on the other hand, presents an actual (or simulated) user interface to our participants, which may include things like working menu bars, visually designed controls, and so on. In this case, we're testing not just the grouping and labelling, but also the menu design (in menu testing, below) or visual layout (in first-click testing).

Menu testing

Menu testing is similar to tree testing, in that we are typically modeling a top-down structure and using representative tasks to test its effectiveness with users.

Naview is a menu-testing tool that lets us "design and build navigation prototypes and test navigation usability".

First-click testing

First-click testing (sometimes just called "click testing") is a popular way to see where users click, given a screenshot and a specific task.

For example, here's a prototype sat-nav UI that underwent first-click testing:

 

When we asked participants to "visit friends at their new house on 23 Napier St for the first time", the "heat map" generated by the testing tool showed us where they clicked:

This is a quick way of testing various navigation elements - navigation bars, utility links, featured items, links in body content, and so on.

However, because we're just capturing a single click on a screenshot, we can't easily test more complicated interactions like multi-level menus.

Some first-click testing tools

• Chalkmark by Optimal Workshop
• Click Test and Navigation Test by UsabilityHub
  
• Screenshot testing by UserZoom
• Usaura
  

...

Next: Testing search